Energy needs in a home are diverse, demanding versatile solutions. One such need is hot water, a requirement that water heaters reliably fulfil. Different energy sources come into play, including electricity, natural gas, and propane.
Conversion of appliances from one energy source to another is not unusual. In particular, the concept of converting a natural gas water heater to propane often arises. Indeed, such conversion is possible, given the right conditions and precautions.
Natural gas and propane water heaters operate similarly, except for the type of gas they use. Thus, understanding their function and the conversion process can demystify the topic.
Contents
Types of Water Heaters
Water heaters come in different types, each with its unique features and operation mechanisms.
Electric Water Heaters: They use electrical resistance to heat water. A thermostat controls the temperature, switching the heater on and off as needed.
Natural Gas Water Heaters: These use natural gas as their energy source. They have a burner at the bottom, where the gas is combusted to heat the water.
Propane Water Heaters: Similar to their natural gas counterparts, propane water heaters burn propane gas to heat water.
Energy Source: Natural Gas vs Propane
Natural gas is a widely recognized and extensively utilized fuel source in homes. It’s relatively cost-effective, burns efficiently and cleanly, and typically has an extensive distribution network, particularly in urban areas.
Natural Gas Features
- Availability: Natural gas is distributed via a pipeline, making it a convenient fuel source for most urban and suburban locations.
- Efficiency: Although propane contains more energy, natural gas is a highly efficient fuel source for heating and cooking applications.
- Cost: Typically, natural gas is less expensive compared to propane, making it a preferred option for budget-conscious households.
Contrarily, propane is a popular alternative in areas where natural gas pipelines are not accessible. It’s stored in tanks, allowing it to be transported and used in rural or remote locations.
Propane Features
- Energy Density: Propane has a higher energy density compared to natural gas, meaning it can deliver more heat per unit.
- Availability: Since propane is typically stored in tanks, it can be transported and used in areas where natural gas is not available, such as rural or remote locations.
- Cost: While propane is generally more expensive than natural gas, its high energy density may offer better overall energy cost performance.
The crux of their difference revolves around their energy content, cost, and supply methods. While natural gas is generally cheaper and more readily accessible, propane offers more energy per unit, making it an efficient alternative in areas without a natural gas supply.
Conversion Possibility: Theory and Practice
In theory, the conversion of a natural gas water heater to propane is feasible. Both fuels are hydrocarbons and share similar combustion properties. They heat water through a similar mechanism, making the conversion process a possibility.
Theoretical Feasibility
- Similar Properties: Both natural gas and propane have similar properties, making conversion a viable option. They share a similar combustion process which heats the water.
- Common Components: Natural gas and propane water heaters share common components. Their operation is largely similar, except for the type of gas being used and the burner orifice size.
However, the practicalities of converting from natural gas to propane extend beyond a mere possibility. The energy content of propane is higher than that of natural gas, requiring the appliance to be adjusted to accommodate this difference.
Practical Aspects
- Adjustments: Converting a water heater from natural gas to propane often requires replacing the gas valve, the burner orifices, and adjusting the manifold pressure to accommodate the higher BTU output of propane.
- Safety Measures: Proper conversion is crucial for safety. Inadequate conversion can lead to over-firing, causing the water heater to overheat, leading to potentially dangerous situations. It is recommended to have this process performed by a professional to ensure safety.
Conversion Process
The conversion process involves several distinct steps and may require specific tools or equipment. It’s always recommended to hire a professional due to the potential risks associated with DIY conversions.
Tools Required for Conversion
- Propane Conversion Kit: These kits usually contain a propane regulator, propane orifices, and sometimes new burners. The specific components can vary depending on the model of your water heater.
- Wrenches and Screwdrivers: These are needed to remove the old components and install the new ones.
- Gas Leak Detection Solution: This is important to ensure there are no leaks after the conversion is completed.
Steps to Convert a Water Heater
- Safety First: Always start by turning off the gas and water supply to the heater.
- Component Replacement: Replace the natural gas orifice with a propane one. The gas valve may also need to be replaced.
- Pressure Adjustment: The pressure regulator will need to be adjusted to handle the higher pressure of propane.
- Reconnection and Testing: Reconnect everything and carefully check for leaks. The water heater should then be tested under close observation to ensure it operates correctly.
Professional Assistance: When and Why?
While it might seem like a DIY project, converting a natural gas water heater to propane should ideally be done by a certified professional. Improper conversion can lead to serious safety issues, such as gas leaks and fire hazards. Professionals have the necessary training and tools to ensure the conversion is done safely and correctly.
Pros and Cons of Conversion
Converting a water heater from natural gas to propane comes with both benefits and downsides.
Advantages of Conversion: These include the higher heating efficiency of propane, availability in areas without natural gas supply, and potential cost savings over time.
Disadvantages of Conversion: The downsides are the cost of conversion, the increased fuel price of propane compared to natural gas, and potential safety risks during the conversion process.
Costs Involved in Conversion
Conversion is an investment that involves various costs.
Equipment Cost: This includes the cost of a propane conversion kit and possibly a new burner assembly.
Installation Cost: Whether you hire a professional or do it yourself, there will be installation costs, including labor and additional parts.
Long Term Savings: Despite the upfront cost, propane’s high efficiency can result in long-term savings on energy bills.
Legal and Safety Implications
About the Law
In some regions, converting a water heater from natural gas to propane is legal, provided it is done by a certified professional. Other places may have strict regulations against such conversions. Always consult with local authorities and the manufacturer before attempting a conversion.
Adherence to Standards
The appliance manufacturer’s guidelines and national and local safety standards must be strictly adhered to during the conversion process. Failure to do so can result in a void warranty and potential legal repercussions in the event of an accident.
Safety Hazards
Improper conversion can lead to several safety risks. The appliance could leak gas, which is a fire hazard and poses a risk of explosion. Over-firing can also occur, causing the appliance to overheat and potentially causing structural damage or injury.
Post-Conversion Maintenance
After converting your natural gas water heater to propane, regular maintenance is crucial to ensure its longevity and efficiency.
Routine Inspections
Regular checks should be performed to detect potential gas leaks or other anomalies. It’s recommended to have a certified professional conduct a thorough inspection at least once a year.
Efficiency Checks
Propane water heaters should be checked periodically to ensure optimal efficiency. This includes checking the flame color (blue is ideal), making sure the water temperature is correct, and ensuring the pressure relief valve is functioning properly.
Replacing Components
Parts like the anode rod should be replaced periodically to prevent corrosion and extend the lifespan of the water heater. It’s also wise to keep spare parts like propane orifices on hand in case they need to be replaced.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I convert a natural gas water heater to propane by myself?
Technically, yes. But it’s strongly advised against due to the potential safety hazards involved. Improper conversion can lead to gas leaks, fire hazards, and other dangerous situations. Always consult a professional.
Do I need special equipment for the conversion?
Yes, you’ll need a propane conversion kit that is compatible with your water heater model. This typically includes a new gas valve and propane orifices. You may also need basic tools like wrenches and screwdrivers.
Can I use the same venting system for propane as I did for natural gas?
Typically, yes. However, it’s best to check with a professional or your water heater’s manufacturer to be sure. Improper venting can lead to carbon monoxide buildup, which is extremely dangerous.
Final Words
Converting a natural gas water heater to propane is a feasible undertaking, but one that requires thorough consideration. The benefits, such as the higher energy density of propane, need to be weighed against the potential safety hazards and legal implications.
Investing in professional conversion services not only safeguards your household but also ensures the longevity and efficiency of your water heater. Although DIY conversion might appear as a cost-saving measure, it may lead to more costs down the line due to improper installation and potential safety risks.
Making informed decisions and considering all aspects will ensure your home remains warm and safe, regardless of the fuel source you choose for your water heater.
